Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in people over 50. It affects the macula—the part of the retina that helps us see sharp, central details. Imagine trying to read a book or recognize a loved one’s face, but the center of your vision is blurred or dark. This is the daily reality for millions living with AMD.
Most treatments for the common dry form of AMD focus only on slowing the disease’s progression, not reversing the damage. This is where photobiomodulation (PBM) comes in. PBM is a gentle, non-invasive light therapy that is showing promising results for supporting retinal health and slowing down the advance of AMD.
In this article, we’ll explore how PBM works, what current research says, the potential benefits, and what patients should know before considering this emerging therapy.
What Is Photobiomodulation (PBM)?
Photobiomodulation, or PBM, is a non-invasive therapy that uses specific wavelengths of light—typically red (630–660 nm) or near-infrared (810–850 nm)—to stimulate healing in tissues. For AMD, PBM targets the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. The light penetrates retinal cells and boosts the activity of mitochondria, the tiny powerhouses inside cells that produce energy (ATP). By enhancing energy production and reducing harmful processes like oxidative stress, PBM supports the health of retinal cells.
PBM is delivered using specialized ophthalmic devices, like LED-based systems designed to safely direct light into the eyes. These devices are carefully calibrated to ensure the light is effective without causing harm, making PBM a gentle, painless option for patients.
How PBM Helps in Macular Degeneration
PBM’s potential to support retinal health stems from its ability to address several key factors in AMD progression. Here’s how it can make a difference:
1. Boosts Mitochondrial Function
The retina, especially its photoreceptor cells, demands a lot of energy to process visual information. In AMD, mitochondrial function in these cells often declines, impairing their ability to function. PBM stimulates an enzyme called cytochrome c oxidase, which ramps up ATP production. This extra energy supports cellular repair and helps keep retinal cells healthy, potentially preserving vision longer.
2. Reduces Oxidative Stress
Oxidative stress—damage caused by harmful molecules called reactive oxygen species (ROS)—builds up in the retina due to aging and exposure to light. This stress accelerates AMD progression. PBM helps by balancing ROS levels and boosting the body’s natural antioxidant defenses, protecting retinal cells from further harm.
3. Decreases Inflammation
Inflammation plays a big role in AMD, as inflammatory molecules (cytokines) damage retinal cells. PBM reduces these cytokines, calming inflammation and protecting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a critical layer of cells that supports the retina’s health.
4. Improves Microcirculation
Healthy blood flow is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the retina. PBM enhances microcirculation, ensuring retinal cells get the resources they need to function and survive, which may slow AMD’s progression.
5. Potential Neuroprotective Effects
PBM may help protect photoreceptors, the cells that detect light, from dying off. By promoting cell survival, it could slow the degenerative process, offering a lifeline to those in the earlier stages of AMD.
Research Evidence on PBM for AMD
Research on PBM for AMD is still evolving, but early studies are encouraging. A 2019 study in Toronto found that patients with dry AMD who underwent 18 PBM sessions showed improved visual acuity (how clearly they could see) and better contrast sensitivity (the ability to distinguish objects from their background). The LIGHTSITE II Trial, a more recent study, reported similar benefits, including better best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and a reduction in drusen volume, a hallmark of dry AMD. Some patients in these studies noted practical improvements, like reading more comfortably or seeing better at night.
However, PBM research has limitations. Most studies focus on dry AMD, with less evidence for wet AMD, where anti-VEGF injections remain the primary treatment. Larger, long-term studies are needed to confirm PBM’s effectiveness and establish it as a standard therapy. For now, it’s considered a promising complementary option.
How PBM Is Administered for Macular Degeneration
PBM for AMD is typically delivered using FDA-cleared or clinically approved devices, such as the Valeda Light Delivery System. These devices use LEDs to emit precise wavelengths of light tailored for retinal health. A typical session lasts 3–5 minutes per eye, with patients sitting comfortably as the light is directed into their eyes. Treatment schedules vary, but many clinics recommend 2–3 sessions per week for 4–6 weeks. To maintain benefits, some patients return for follow-up sessions every few months.
If you’re considering PBM, consult an eye care specialist to find a clinic offering approved devices. Ask about the treatment schedule and what to expect, as consistency is key to seeing potential benefits.
Safety and Side Effects
PBM is designed to be safe and non-invasive. It’s painless, and no cases of retinal damage have been reported when using clinically approved devices. Side effects are rare and mild, such as temporary light sensitivity or slight eye discomfort after a session. However, PBM isn’t suitable for everyone. Patients with ocular tumors or active eye infections should avoid it unless cleared by a doctor. Always discuss your medical history with your eye care provider before starting PBM to ensure it’s safe for you.
Who Can Benefit from PBM for AMD?
PBM is most promising for people with early-to-intermediate dry AMD, where it may slow vision loss and help maintain daily activities like reading or driving. It’s less effective for advanced dry AMD (known as geographic atrophy), where significant retinal damage has already occurred. For wet AMD, PBM isn’t a primary treatment but may complement anti-VEGF therapy by supporting overall retinal health. If you’re newly diagnosed with dry AMD, talk to your doctor about whether PBM could fit into your care plan to preserve your vision as long as possible.
Protect Your Vision with HueLight’s Whole Body Photobiomodulation Chamber
If you’re looking for a non-invasive, drug-free approach to support eye and retinal health, HueLight’s Whole Body Photobiomodulation (PBM) Chamber offers a powerful, science-backed solution.
With over 40,000 medical-grade red and near-infrared LEDs, the HueLight chamber boosts cellular energy, improves blood circulation, and reduces oxidative stress, factors that play a critical role in protecting vision and slowing age-related degeneration. In just 20-minute sessions, this advanced system delivers full-body benefits that complement specialized eye therapies like PBM for macular degeneration.
Trusted by hospitals and wellness centers worldwide, our FDA-cleared and CE-certified chamber is safe, effective, and designed to help maintain your overall eye health naturally.
Ready to Take the Next Step?
Contact our team today to discover how the HueLight Whole Body PBM Chamber can support your vision and overall wellness.
