Thesis
Brain-related
PBM Therapy and the Gut Microbiome: Impacts on Parkinson’s Disease
PBM therapy led to improvements in gut microbiome composition in Parkinson’s disease patients. Most participants showed beneficial shifts in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F:B) ratio, a key indicator of gut health.
2021, School of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
PBM and Neurofeedback in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease: An Integrative Review
Patients undergoing PBM demonstrated greater improvements in executive function tests, including clock drawing, immediate recall, practical memory, visual attention, and task-switching.
2019, Quietmind Foundation, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA
PBM as an Innovative Approach to Enhancing the Brain’s Lymphatic Drainage System
PBM enhances cerebrospinal fluid drainage, which could be crucial for treating conditions linked to impaired brain lymphatic function.
2022, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, China
Combined PBM and Cell Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease: Enhancing Neuroregeneration and Tremor Reduction
A meta-analysis found that combining cell therapy with PBM significantly improved Parkinson’s disease symptoms.
2022, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Laser Applications in Medical Sciences Research Center, Tehran, Iran
The effects of whole-body vibration exercise on intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.
This study demonstrated that whole-body vibration exercise inhibits apoptotic neuronal death induced by intracerebral hemorrhage, thereby promoting the recovery of brain function after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Department of Exercise Physiology, Graduate School of Korea University, May 2012
A case-control study on the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on patients with cerebral infarction
These results suggest that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) could be a useful medical treatment for cerebral infarction. Further studies involving more cases are needed to confirm the definitive effectiveness of HBOT in treating cerebral infarction.
Department of Internal Medicine, Dongseo Oriental Medicine Hospital, Republic of Korea, September 2008.
Hyperbaric oxygen alleviates secondary brain injury after trauma by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway
These results suggest that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) could be a useful medical treatment for cerebral infarction. Further studies with more cases are necessary to confirm whether HBOT is definitively effective for treating cerebral infarction
Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China, August 2015
Hyperbaric oxygen inhibits HT22 and PC12 cell damage caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion: suppression of ferroptosis mediated by the Nrf2/System Xc-/GPX4 axis
These parameters were significantly reversed by HBO, indicating that HBO can protect HT22 and PC12 cells from damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion. This protection is achieved through the suppression of ferroptosis mediated by the Nrf2/System Xc-/GPX4 axis
Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi People's Hospital, Nanning Medical Research Institute, Guangxi Province, China, September 2022
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves Parkinson's disease by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis through the SIRT-1/PGC-1α pathway
The current study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that HBOT treatment can reduce neuroinflammation through the inhibition of the NF-kB signaling pathway and promote neurogenesis via the activation of the CREB/BDNF pathway. Additionally, this therapy has the potential to improve mitochondrial biogenesis through the SIRT-1/PGC-1α-dependent signaling pathway and enhance dopamine function by increasing tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Therefore, our results suggest that HBOT holds potential as an adjunctive therapy in the clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease by protecting dopaminergic neurons
Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, April 2022
Observation of the effects of oxygen administration on visuospatial cognitive performance using time-course data analysis of fMRI
During visuospatial tasks, high-concentration oxygen administration sufficiently enhances oxygen supply, leading to greater activation of neural networks and improved performance in visuospatial tasks
Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, March 2005
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive function in post-stroke patients – a retrospective analysis
HBOT induces significant improvements in all cognitive domains, even in the chronic phase following a stroke. When selecting stroke patients for HBOT, decisions should be based on functional assessment and baseline cognitive scores rather than the type, location, or side of the stroke lesion
Department of Neurosurgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel, January 2020
Systematic review and dose-response analysis: the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in persistent post-concussion syndrome following mild traumatic brain injury
Several randomized and randomized controlled trials have shown that HBOT at 1.5 ATA oxygen produces statistically significant results in symptomatic and cognitive improvements in patients with persistent post-concussion syndrome following mild traumatic brain injury
Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Hyperbaric Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 2022
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for persistent post-concussion syndrome following mild traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial
Most improvements from HBOT were sustained, with some tests showing continued improvement nearly three months after the final HBOT session. This suggests that HBOT could be proposed as a disease-modifying treatment for mTBI-related persistent post-concussion syndrome (PPCS)
Department of Emergency and Hyperbaric Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2019
Review of the neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy
The evidence presented in this review indicates that HBOT has potential for the treatment and prevention of various types of neurological damage
Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, 2020
The effects of high-concentration oxygen administration on additional task performance and physiological signals
This study demonstrated that high-concentration oxygen supply increases blood oxygen saturation, accelerating brain activation from cognitive processes and enhancing arithmetic abilities. The effect of high-concentration oxygen becomes particularly significant when task difficulty increases, as oxygen demand rises accordingly
Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Biomedical Science and Technology Research Institute, Konkuk University, 2008
The beneficial effects of hydrogen gas through the reduction of oxidative stress in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
Rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) showed increased BBB permeability, brain edema, lesion volume, and neurological dysfunction, indicating severe brain damage, all of which were significantly reduced by 2% H₂ treatment. Furthermore, the reduction in oxidative products and the increase in endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity in brain tissue suggest that the protective effects of H₂ treatment are associated with these changes in TBI-challenged rats. This study suggests that H₂ inhalation could be a more effective therapeutic strategy for TBI patients
Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China, 710032, 2010
The Effect of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Reducing Infarct Size in a Rat Model of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Inhalation of H₂ gas at a non-combustible level during ischemia and reperfusion reduces infarct size without altering hemodynamic parameters, helping to prevent harmful left ventricular remodeling. Therefore, H₂ gas inhalation is a promising approach to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with coronary artery reperfusion
2008, Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Therapy for Acute Cerebral Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study on Safety and Neuroprotection
The H₂ group showed no significant adverse effects and demonstrated improvements in oxygen saturation. Key findings included changes in relative signal intensity on MRI, which reflects the severity of the infarct area, improvements in NIHSS scores that clinically quantify stroke severity, and better physical therapy outcomes as measured by the Barthel Index. Thus, H₂ therapy was safe and effective for patients with acute cerebral infarction
2017, Department of Neurosurgery, Nishijima Hospital, Numazu City, Shizuoka, Japan
The Effect of Molecular Hydrogen Inhalation on Alleviating Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
Adult male rats inhaled 2% hydrogen gas for 3 hours starting 1 hour after undergoing stabilized tibial fracture surgery. Cognitive assessments using fear conditioning and Y-maze tests revealed significant surgery-induced impairments, which were notably improved by H₂ treatment. This therapy reduced inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, HMGB1) in the serum and hippocampus, enhanced blood-brain barrier integrity, and decreased caspase-3 activity in the hippocampus. These results demonstrate that H₂ effectively mitigates cognitive deficits by reducing postoperative inflammation and apoptosis
2017, Department of Anesthesiology and Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China, and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Study on the Protective Effect of Hydrogen Gas Therapy After Gonadal Hemorrhage in Neonatal Mice
Hydrogen gas inhalation is an effective method to protect the brain of infants from post-hemorrhage effects that lead to brain atrophy, intellectual disability, and cerebral palsy
2011, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
The Effect of High-Concentration Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Reducing Cognitive Deficits in an Asphyxia-Induced Cardiac Arrest Rat Model
According to the study results, 67% hydrogen gas generated by water electrolysis could be a promising therapeutic strategy for improving cognitive outcomes related to global brain hypoxia-ischemia following cardiac arrest
2019, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
The Effect of Molecular Hydrogen on Alleviating Brain Injury and Cognitive Impairment in a Chronic Sequelae Model of Polymicrobial Sepsis
According to the study results, H₂ therapy improved survival rates, alleviated cognitive deficits, reduced histological damage in the hippocampus, and decreased Evans blue (EB) and water content. Additionally, H₂ therapy reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, Nrf2, HO-1, ZO-1, and Occludin compared to the SAE group
2020, Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
Study on the Role of Molecular Hydrogen as a Neuroprotective Agent
Most neurological diseases are currently incurable, but these studies suggest the clinical potential of H₂ administration for their prevention, treatment, and mitigation. The potential mechanisms of H₂, including the cell signaling molecules and hormones responsible for preventing oxidative stress and inflammation, will also be discussed. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to identify the direct target molecules of H₂
2017, Biological Aging Process, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
The Effect of Chronic Molecular Hydrogen Inhalation on Alleviating Short-Term and Long-Term Memory Loss in Polymicrobial Sepsis
Our research findings suggest that (1) prolonged exposure to hydrogen gas is a simple, safe, and effective therapeutic approach to prevent memory loss in sepsis patients, and (2) short-term H₂ inhalation reduces neuroinflammation in brain regions associated with memory and increases the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of various antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in these regions of septic animals
2020, Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
The Effect of Hydrogen Gas on Improving Sepsis-Induced Brain Injury in Rats: A Study on Enhancing Mitochondrial Biogenesis via PGC-α Activation
The current study demonstrated that hydrogen gas therapy improved 7-day survival rates, enhanced cognitive function, and improved mitochondrial function, as evidenced by increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP levels, and complex I activity. Additionally, the study showed an upregulation in the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers, including PGC-1α, NRF2, and Tfam
2021, Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
Molecular Hydrogen as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Stroke Management
Molecular hydrogen contributes to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities in normal
2023, Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
The Effect of Hydrogen Inhalation on Neuroprotection and Functional Outcome Improvement After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
According to the study results, hydrogen gas inhalation provides immediate protection to the brain in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)
2011, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, USA
Neuroprotective Effect of Hydrogen Inhalation in an Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model
H₂ gas administration exhibits anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects, providing neuroprotection against early brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)
2018, Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine
Study on the Effect of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia
Hydrogen gas (H₂) exhibits neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in Parkinson's disease models. H₂ inhalation reduced microglial activation and inflammatory cytokines in the striatum, which was associated with a decrease in abnormal involuntary movements. This reduction is linked to decreased inflammation both in the striatum and peripherally. These findings highlight the potential of H₂ to improve the well-being of Parkinson's disease patients treated with L-DOPA.
2023, Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
The effects of molecular hydrogen on alleviating lung injury after traumatic brain injury: a study on apoptosis and autophagy
H₂ promotes the recovery of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI) by reducing apoptosis and autophagy, as well as mitigating inflammation. These findings provide guidance and support for the use of H₂ in treating ALI patients with TBI in the intensive care unit (ICU)
Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin, China, 2022
The effects of hydrogen gas inhalation on alleviating early brain injury and improving delayed brain injury following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Molecular hydrogen (H₂) protects neurons from reactive oxygen species and alleviates early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan, 2010
The role of hydrogen as a therapeutic antioxidant that selectively reduces cytotoxic oxygen radicals
H₂ gas inhalation significantly reduced brain damage by counteracting the effects of oxidative stress. Due to its ability to rapidly diffuse across membranes, H₂ can neutralize cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevent oxidative damage, making it an effective therapeutic antioxidant
Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Development and Aging Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugicho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Japan, 211-8533, 2007
The effects of hydrogen inhalation on the suppression of microglial activation and neuroinflammation in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
The study results indicate that hydrogen may provide protective effects against traumatic brain injury (TBI) by reducing microglial activation and neuroinflammation
School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing 100124, China, 2020
A new promising therapy of hydrogen gas for emergency and critical care medicine
In the near future, hydrogen gas could be administered to patients in ambulances, made available through standard wall outlets in hospitals, and provided for inhalation at home after discharge
Department of Cardiology, Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, September 2017
Molecular hydrogen inhibits glioblastoma growth and induces differentiation of glioblastoma stem cells
The current study shows that 67% hydrogen gas inhalation has an inhibitory effect on GBM. Both in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that molecular hydrogen can induce desirable differentiation of GSCs. Furthermore, molecular hydrogen suppresses the migration, invasion, and colony formation abilities of GBM cells
School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing 100124, China, May 2019
A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of inhaled hydrogen for cerebral ischemia during post-cardiac arrest treatment (HYBRID II trial) study protocol
The unique features of hydrogen inhalation (HI) include its minimally invasive nature, ease and safety of administration, and the absence of known adverse effects. Therefore, if H₂ is proven effective, HI is expected to have the potential for widespread application in post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) patients
Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Keio University, 2015
Molecular hydrogen as an emerging therapeutic medical gas for neurodegenerative and other diseases
The effects of hydrogen have been reported in 63 disease models and human diseases (see Table 1). Only stroke and metabolic syndrome have been analyzed in both rodents and humans. Since no adverse effects of hydrogen have been observed, clinical studies are feasible even in the absence of animal research. Several other human studies, including those on Parkinson's disease, are currently underway, and hydrogen is expected to show promising effects on many other human diseases. The molecular basis of hydrogen's effects also needs to be further elucidated
Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan, 2012
Photobiomodulation (PBM) enhances the survival of nigral dopaminergic cells in a chronic MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease
This study suggests that applying combined photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy to the head, nose, neck, and abdomen has the potential to reduce or even reverse some clinical and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
2019, University of León, Department of Physical Education and Sports, León, Spain; Performance and Health Group, University of A Coruña, Spain
Near-infrared light therapy alleviates Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in two transgenic mouse models – evidence from the cerebral cortex
This study explores the effects of near-infrared (NIr) light therapy in two Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models: the K369I tau mutant (K3) and the APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mutant (APP/PS1). Over a period of 4 weeks, NIr therapy significantly reduced neurofibrillary tangles and oxidative stress markers in K3 mice, and decreased amyloid-beta plaques in APP/PS1 mice. These findings suggest that NIr therapy can alleviate and potentially reverse AD-related brain degeneration through a non-invasive approach
Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, Anderson Stuart Building F13, NSW 2006, Australia, 2014
Near-infrared light energy penetration: Can infrared light therapy effectively reach the human brain?
This review demonstrates that near-infrared light at wavelengths of 810 nm and 980 nm, with an output range of 10-15 W, has been shown to be biologically beneficial at a depth of 3 cm. This confirms that near-infrared light can penetrate to a depth of 3 cm, which is sufficient to reach the skull and brain
Synaptic Space, Centennial, Colorado, USA, 2015
Photobiomodulation (PBM) suppresses alpha-synuclein-induced toxicity in an AAV-based genetic model of Parkinson's disease
Exposing both sides of the rats' heads to 808-nm near-infrared light daily for 28 consecutive days significantly alleviated alpha-synuclein-induced motor impairments, as assessed by the cylinder test. This treatment also notably reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the injected substantia nigra and preserved dopaminergic fibers in the ipsilateral striatum. These beneficial effects persisted for at least 6 weeks after the treatment was discontinued
Institute of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland, and Center de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Québec, Ax Neuroscience and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, G1V4G2, Canada, 2015
810nm near-infrared light provides neuroprotection and improves motor activity in MPTP-treated mice
The study results showed that MPTP-treated mice exposed to 810 nm near-infrared (NIr) light had approximately 40% greater motor activity and about 20% more dopaminergic neurons compared to non-exposed mice. In summary, 810 nm NIr, similar to 670 nm NIr, provided neuroprotective effects and improved motor activity in MPTP-treated mice
CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, Grenoble University, Alpes F38000, France, 2015
Near-infrared light therapy reduces astrogliosis in MPTP-treated monkeys
The study results showed that PBM treatment significantly reduced MPTP-induced astrogliosis by approximately 75% in both the SNc and striatum. However, for microglia, PBM had a more limited effect in both nuclei; while the overall size of the cells decreased, the number of microglia remained unchanged in MPTP-treated monkeys following PBM treatment
Department of Anatomy, University of Sydney, F13, Sydney, 2006, Australia, 2016
PBM-induced changes in a Parkinson's disease monkey model: alterations in tyrosine hydroxylase cells and GDNF expression in the striatum
This study investigated the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cells and GDNF expression in the hypothalamus. Analysis of hypothalamic slices from MPTP-treated mice, monkeys, and 6OHDA-lesioned rats showed that PBM significantly increased TH-positive cells and GDNF levels by 60-80% in MPTP-treated monkeys compared to controls. However, these increases were not observed in the less damaged mouse and rat models. This suggests that PBM's therapeutic effect is primarily associated with enhancing trophic factors like GDNF in conditions with pronounced dopaminergic loss
Department of Anatomy, University of Sydney, F13, Sydney, 2006, Australia, 2016
Brain PBM Therapy: A Descriptive Review
Brain PBM therapy enhances the metabolic capacity of neurons, promotes anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant responses, and aids in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Interest in PBM therapy for the treatment of conditions such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, stroke, brain injury, and depression is steadily increasing
2018 Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
Photobiomodulation Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke
PBM uses red or near-infrared light to promote healing, enhance mitochondrial function, and improve blood flow and oxygen supply. It also reduces swelling and inflammation, decreases cell death, and promotes neurogenesis and synaptogenesis to aid brain recovery. Both animal experiments and human studies, including those involving patients with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI), have shown improvements in neurological function, memory, mood, and cognitive abilities
2018 Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology
PBM for Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This study suggests that applying combined photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy to the head, nose, neck, and abdomen has the potential to reduce or even reverse some clinical and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
2019, University of León, Department of Physical Education and Sports, León, Spain; Performance and Health Group, University of A Coruña, Spain
"Photobiomics": Can Light, Including PBM, Alter the Microbiome?
The gut microbiome is known to influence metabolic disorders, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune conditions, and even neurological disorders. A literature review was conducted to explore whether light exposure can impact microbiota composition. PBM (red and near-infrared light) applied to the abdomen in mice was found to modify gut microbiota in a potentially beneficial way. These effects have now also been observed in humans.
2019, Australian Research Institute, Wahroonga, Australia; University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine, Camperdown, Australia
The Effects of PBM on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Dopaminergic Cell Loss in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats
PBM protected neurons from cell loss induced by a low LPS dose (10 µg), which typically causes 15% neuronal death. At higher LPS doses (20 µg), PBM was less effective, leading to 50% neuronal death and increased inflammation in microglia. PBM also reduced the link between motor dysfunction and lesion size at higher LPS doses, suggesting potential motor function recovery beyond the substantia nigra.
2019, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Integrative Review of PBM and Neurofeedback for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease
PBM therapy significantly improved executive functions, including clock drawing, immediate memory recall, practical memory, visual attention, and task-switching (Trails A & B).
2019, Quietmind Foundation, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA
PBM Reduces MPTP-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage in Parkinson’s Disease Models
PBM using low-intensity red light significantly reduced cerebrovascular damage in MPTP-treated mice. After MPTP administration, blood-brain barrier leakage was detected in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and caudate-putamen (CPu). PBM treatment restored barrier integrity, with levels comparable to the saline-injected control group.
2019, Department of Physiology & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
PBM Therapy for Brain Aging
PBM enhances brain metabolism, blood flow, mitochondrial function, and vascular health. Human studies indicate PBM improves cognitive functions such as attention, learning, memory, and mood in older adults.
2021, University of Texas, Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, USA
Current and Future Applications of PBM in Central Nervous System Diseases
A review of 95 studies concluded PBM is widely applicable in treating: Stroke, Traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Major depressive disorder
2021, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
PBM and the Glymphatic System: A Promising Approach for Enhancing Brain Lymphatic Drainage
PBM may promote lymphatic drainage inside and outside the skull, suggesting a new strategy for treating cerebrospinal fluid-related brain diseases.
2022, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
Microbiome Changes After PBM Therapy in Parkinson’s Patients: A Retrospective Study
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited treatment options. The gut microbiome is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. This study retrospectively analyzed fecal samples from a previous trial where PBM improved symptoms. After 12 weeks of PBM applied to the abdomen, neck, head, and nose, researchers observed beneficial changes in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F:B) ratio, a key gut health marker.
2022, School of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
Effects of PBM Therapy on Parkinson’s Disease: Microbiome Changes Post-Treatment
PBM therapy led to gut microbiome improvements in Parkinson’s patients. Most participants showed positive changes in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F:B) ratio, a key indicator of gut health.
2021, School of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
Photobiomodulation: An Emerging Therapy for Depression
PBM shows beneficial effects in patients with major depressive disorder, including those resistant to conventional or adjunctive treatments.
2023, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, USA
PBM Therapy for Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Optimal PBM wavelengths were identified as 665 nm and 810 nm. PBM had positive effects on cell survival, inflammation reduction, proliferation, and metabolism, especially when treatment was initiated within 4 hours post-injury and applied up to 3 times per day in localized cases.
2023, University of Birmingham, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK ________________________________________
The Brain Waste Clearance System and Sleep: PBM as an Innovative Nighttime Therapy for Neurological Disorders
Recent research confirms that sleep activates the brain's waste clearance system, essential for removing neurotoxins from the central nervous system (CNS). This system is linked to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Researchers propose that stimulating this system with PBM during deep sleep could enhance CNS protection and delay the onset of neurological diseases.
2023, Humboldt University, Institute of Physics, Berlin, Germany
The Beneficial Role of PBM in Neurodegenerative Diseases
PBM is being studied for its potential to improve Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and stroke. Researchers suggest that PBM could provide a safer alternative to traditional pharmacological treatments.
2023, National Cheng Kung University & Academia Sinica, International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Taipei, Taiwan
A Brief Review of Low-Level Light Therapy for Mood Disorders
PBM therapy increases ATP production, improves blood circulation, reduces inflammation, promotes healing, and stimulates stem cell growth. Preclinical studies indicate that PBM may enhance cognitive function in Alzheimer’s patients, relieve motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease, and reduce depressive symptoms.
2023, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia ________________________________________
Remote PBM Targeting the Abdomen or Legs Provides Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s MPTP Models
PBM protected key neural pathways affected by MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD). The abdomen and legs were both effective as remote PBM therapy targets.
2023, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
Restoring Cognitive Function in Chronically Stressed Rats via Brain-Gut PBM Therapy: The Role of Sirt1 and Neuroinflammation
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) protocols significantly induced behavioral deficits and increased hippocampal Sirt1 levels. PBM therapy reversed cognitive impairment caused by CUMS. PBM normalized hippocampal Sirt1 levels, prevented spine density loss in the CA1 region, altered gut microbiota composition, reduced neuroinflammation, and regulated microglial morphology.
2024, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience Institute, Spain ________________________________________
The Impact of PBM Brain Therapy on Neurological and Psychological Disorders
PBM enhances neuronal metabolism, supports neurogenesis, and reduces inflammation. Success in depression treatment has sparked interest in PBM’s potential for Parkinson’s disease and dementia.
2024, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
Parkinson’s Disease and PBM: A Therapeutic Possibility
PBM improves mitochondrial function, increases ATP production, and reduces inflammation. Clinically, PBM aids in wound healing, pain management, and swelling reduction. It has shown potential neuroprotective effects and symptom relief in Parkinson’s disease.
2024, NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
PBM for Neuropathic Pain Management (808 nm)
Data suggests that 808 nm PBM reduces neuropathic pain. Higher energy densities (20 and 40 J/cm²) were more effective and stimulated greater β-endorphin production.
2017, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos, Brazil
PBM Therapy for Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD): Evidence from Cytoskeletal Assembly/Disassembly
PBM effectively reduced neuroinflammation and provided pain relief by influencing cytoskeletal dynamics.
2015, University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
Stopping Neurodegeneration with Light: The Potential of Near-Infrared Therapy for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease
Though still in early research stages, near-infrared (NIr) therapy shows promise as a safe and effective neuroprotective treatment for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s patients.
2015, Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
PBM Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease: A Prospective Proof-of-Concept Study
PBM was found to be a safe and potentially effective treatment for various clinical signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
2021, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
주요 우울 장애를 위한 경두개 광생물조절의 리뷰: 뇌 대사, 염증, 산화 스트레스 및 신경생성을 목표로 함
이 논문에서 검토한 예비 데이터는 우울증, 불안, 인지 장애 치료에 대한 경두개 PBM의 효과를 제안한다.
2016년, 미국 매사추세츠 주 보스턴 02114, 보우도인 스퀘어 1번지 6층, 매사추세츠 종합병원 우울증 임상 및 연구 프로그램
PBM for Neuropathic Pain Management (808 nm)
Data suggests that 808 nm PBM reduces neuropathic pain. Higher energy densities (20 and 40 J/cm²) were more effective and stimulated greater β-endorphin production.
2017, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos, Brazil
Remote PBM Targeting the Abdomen or Legs Provides Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s MPTP Models
PBM protected key neural pathways affected by MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD). The abdomen and legs were both effective as remote PBM therapy targets.
2023, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced c-Fos Expression in the Hippocampus of Rats
The results suggest that whole-body vibration exercise may have neuroprotective effects by suppressing c-Fos expression induced by intracerebral hemorrhage. This study provides foundational data for coaching staff in developing rehabilitation programs.
2010, Department of Exercise Physiology, Graduate School, Korea University
Case Report: Treatment of ADHD and Learning Disabilities with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Eastern Medicine
Therapies, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy, were found to be effective in treating ADHD and learning disabilities.
2013, Dongseo Korean Medicine Clinic, Korean Neuropsychiatric Association
Hydrogen Inhalation Mitigates Mast Cell-Mediated Brain Damage Caused by ICH in Mice
Hydrogen inhalation reduced mast cell activation and degranulation, alleviating ICH-induced brain edema and neurological deficits in mice.
2014, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
Transcranial or Whole-Body PBM Therapy Improves COVID-19 Brain Fog
PBM therapy significantly improved cognitive performance in individuals experiencing brain fog post-COVID-19. These benefits were sustained for at least five months.
2023, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA
