Thesis
Brain-related
PBM Therapy and the Gut Microbiome: Impacts on Parkinson’s Disease
PBM therapy led to improvements in gut microbiome composition in Parkinson’s disease patients. Most participants showed beneficial shifts in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F:B) ratio, a key indicator of gut health.
2021, School of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
PBM and Neurofeedback in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease: An Integrative Review
Patients undergoing PBM demonstrated greater improvements in executive function tests, including clock drawing, immediate recall, practical memory, visual attention, and task-switching.
2019, Quietmind Foundation, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA
PBM as an Innovative Approach to Enhancing the Brain’s Lymphatic Drainage System
PBM enhances cerebrospinal fluid drainage, which could be crucial for treating conditions linked to impaired brain lymphatic function.
2022, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, China
Combined PBM and Cell Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease: Enhancing Neuroregeneration and Tremor Reduction
A meta-analysis found that combining cell therapy with PBM significantly improved Parkinson’s disease symptoms.
2022, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Laser Applications in Medical Sciences Research Center, Tehran, Iran
Photobiomodulation (PBM) enhances the survival of nigral dopaminergic cells in a chronic MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease
This study suggests that applying combined photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy to the head, nose, neck, and abdomen has the potential to reduce or even reverse some clinical and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
2019, University of León, Department of Physical Education and Sports, León, Spain; Performance and Health Group, University of A Coruña, Spain
PBM for Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This study suggests that applying combined photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy to the head, nose, neck, and abdomen has the potential to reduce or even reverse some clinical and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
2019, University of León, Department of Physical Education and Sports, León, Spain; Performance and Health Group, University of A Coruña, Spain
"Photobiomics": Can Light, Including PBM, Alter the Microbiome?
The gut microbiome is known to influence metabolic disorders, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune conditions, and even neurological disorders. A literature review was conducted to explore whether light exposure can impact microbiota composition. PBM (red and near-infrared light) applied to the abdomen in mice was found to modify gut microbiota in a potentially beneficial way. These effects have now also been observed in humans.
2019, Australian Research Institute, Wahroonga, Australia; University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine, Camperdown, Australia
The Effects of PBM on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Dopaminergic Cell Loss in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats
PBM protected neurons from cell loss induced by a low LPS dose (10 µg), which typically causes 15% neuronal death. At higher LPS doses (20 µg), PBM was less effective, leading to 50% neuronal death and increased inflammation in microglia. PBM also reduced the link between motor dysfunction and lesion size at higher LPS doses, suggesting potential motor function recovery beyond the substantia nigra.
2019, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Integrative Review of PBM and Neurofeedback for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease
PBM therapy significantly improved executive functions, including clock drawing, immediate memory recall, practical memory, visual attention, and task-switching (Trails A & B).
2019, Quietmind Foundation, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA
PBM Reduces MPTP-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage in Parkinson’s Disease Models
PBM using low-intensity red light significantly reduced cerebrovascular damage in MPTP-treated mice. After MPTP administration, blood-brain barrier leakage was detected in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and caudate-putamen (CPu). PBM treatment restored barrier integrity, with levels comparable to the saline-injected control group.
2019, Department of Physiology & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
PBM Therapy for Brain Aging
PBM enhances brain metabolism, blood flow, mitochondrial function, and vascular health. Human studies indicate PBM improves cognitive functions such as attention, learning, memory, and mood in older adults.
2021, University of Texas, Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, USA
Current and Future Applications of PBM in Central Nervous System Diseases
A review of 95 studies concluded PBM is widely applicable in treating: Stroke, Traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Major depressive disorder
2021, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
PBM and the Glymphatic System: A Promising Approach for Enhancing Brain Lymphatic Drainage
PBM may promote lymphatic drainage inside and outside the skull, suggesting a new strategy for treating cerebrospinal fluid-related brain diseases.
2022, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
Microbiome Changes After PBM Therapy in Parkinson’s Patients: A Retrospective Study
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited treatment options. The gut microbiome is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. This study retrospectively analyzed fecal samples from a previous trial where PBM improved symptoms. After 12 weeks of PBM applied to the abdomen, neck, head, and nose, researchers observed beneficial changes in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F:B) ratio, a key gut health marker.
2022, School of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
Effects of PBM Therapy on Parkinson’s Disease: Microbiome Changes Post-Treatment
PBM therapy led to gut microbiome improvements in Parkinson’s patients. Most participants showed positive changes in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F:B) ratio, a key indicator of gut health.
2021, School of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
Photobiomodulation: An Emerging Therapy for Depression
PBM shows beneficial effects in patients with major depressive disorder, including those resistant to conventional or adjunctive treatments.
2023, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, USA
PBM Therapy for Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Optimal PBM wavelengths were identified as 665 nm and 810 nm. PBM had positive effects on cell survival, inflammation reduction, proliferation, and metabolism, especially when treatment was initiated within 4 hours post-injury and applied up to 3 times per day in localized cases.
2023, University of Birmingham, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK ________________________________________
The Brain Waste Clearance System and Sleep: PBM as an Innovative Nighttime Therapy for Neurological Disorders
Recent research confirms that sleep activates the brain's waste clearance system, essential for removing neurotoxins from the central nervous system (CNS). This system is linked to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Researchers propose that stimulating this system with PBM during deep sleep could enhance CNS protection and delay the onset of neurological diseases.
2023, Humboldt University, Institute of Physics, Berlin, Germany
The Beneficial Role of PBM in Neurodegenerative Diseases
PBM is being studied for its potential to improve Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and stroke. Researchers suggest that PBM could provide a safer alternative to traditional pharmacological treatments.
2023, National Cheng Kung University & Academia Sinica, International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Taipei, Taiwan
A Brief Review of Low-Level Light Therapy for Mood Disorders
PBM therapy increases ATP production, improves blood circulation, reduces inflammation, promotes healing, and stimulates stem cell growth. Preclinical studies indicate that PBM may enhance cognitive function in Alzheimer’s patients, relieve motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease, and reduce depressive symptoms.
2023, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia ________________________________________
Remote PBM Targeting the Abdomen or Legs Provides Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s MPTP Models
PBM protected key neural pathways affected by MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD). The abdomen and legs were both effective as remote PBM therapy targets.
2023, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
Restoring Cognitive Function in Chronically Stressed Rats via Brain-Gut PBM Therapy: The Role of Sirt1 and Neuroinflammation
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) protocols significantly induced behavioral deficits and increased hippocampal Sirt1 levels. PBM therapy reversed cognitive impairment caused by CUMS. PBM normalized hippocampal Sirt1 levels, prevented spine density loss in the CA1 region, altered gut microbiota composition, reduced neuroinflammation, and regulated microglial morphology.
2024, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience Institute, Spain ________________________________________
The Impact of PBM Brain Therapy on Neurological and Psychological Disorders
PBM enhances neuronal metabolism, supports neurogenesis, and reduces inflammation. Success in depression treatment has sparked interest in PBM’s potential for Parkinson’s disease and dementia.
2024, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
Parkinson’s Disease and PBM: A Therapeutic Possibility
PBM improves mitochondrial function, increases ATP production, and reduces inflammation. Clinically, PBM aids in wound healing, pain management, and swelling reduction. It has shown potential neuroprotective effects and symptom relief in Parkinson’s disease.
2024, NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
PBM for Neuropathic Pain Management (808 nm)
Data suggests that 808 nm PBM reduces neuropathic pain. Higher energy densities (20 and 40 J/cm²) were more effective and stimulated greater β-endorphin production.
2017, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos, Brazil
PBM Therapy for Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD): Evidence from Cytoskeletal Assembly/Disassembly
PBM effectively reduced neuroinflammation and provided pain relief by influencing cytoskeletal dynamics.
2015, University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
Stopping Neurodegeneration with Light: The Potential of Near-Infrared Therapy for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease
Though still in early research stages, near-infrared (NIr) therapy shows promise as a safe and effective neuroprotective treatment for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s patients.
2015, Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
PBM Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease: A Prospective Proof-of-Concept Study
PBM was found to be a safe and potentially effective treatment for various clinical signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
2021, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced c-Fos Expression in the Hippocampus of Rats
The results suggest that whole-body vibration exercise may have neuroprotective effects by suppressing c-Fos expression induced by intracerebral hemorrhage. This study provides foundational data for coaching staff in developing rehabilitation programs.
2010, Department of Exercise Physiology, Graduate School, Korea University
Case Report: Treatment of ADHD and Learning Disabilities with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Eastern Medicine
Therapies, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy, were found to be effective in treating ADHD and learning disabilities.
2013, Dongseo Korean Medicine Clinic, Korean Neuropsychiatric Association
Hydrogen Inhalation Mitigates Mast Cell-Mediated Brain Damage Caused by ICH in Mice
Hydrogen inhalation reduced mast cell activation and degranulation, alleviating ICH-induced brain edema and neurological deficits in mice.
2014, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
Transcranial or Whole-Body PBM Therapy Improves COVID-19 Brain Fog
PBM therapy significantly improved cognitive performance in individuals experiencing brain fog post-COVID-19. These benefits were sustained for at least five months.
2023, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA
